甲硫氨酸

甲硫氨酸

甲硫氨酸的功能

甲硫氨酸是必需氨基酸之一,它不能由机体自身合成,必需从食物中获得。它提供硫和其他人体正常新陈代谢和生长所需的成分。甲硫氨酸也是一种防治脂肪肝的药物,可以帮助肝脏代谢脂肪。这类药物还包括胆碱、肌醇和甜菜碱。

患有艾滋病的人体内甲硫氨酸水平较低。许多研究者认为这可以解释这一疾病的一些症状,[1 2 3]尤其是发生在神经系统的症状,包括痴呆[4 5]。以前的一项试验证实服用甲硫氨酸(每天6克)可以改善艾滋病相关性神经系统退化导致的记忆减退。[6]

其他一些试验也证实甲硫氨酸(每天5克)可以帮助治疗帕金森氏病。可是,另一形式的甲硫氨酸,腺苷甲硫氨酸会加重帕金森氏病,因此应该避免。[8 9 10 11 12]在一项小样本量试验中发现,甲硫氨酸(每天2克)联合一些抗氧化剂可以减轻疼痛和胰腺炎的复发。[13]

甲硫氨酸的分布

鱼类、肉类、豆类和乳制品含有丰富的甲硫氨酸。素食者可以通过食用谷类来获得甲硫氨酸,但豆类中甲硫氨酸含量较少。

甲硫氨酸认为与以下疾病有关(以下所有信息适用于个体化健康情况):

分类健康情况
次选胰腺炎、帕金森氏病
其他 艾滋病、保肝
首选:有可靠和相对一致的科研数据证明其对健康有显著改善。

次选:各有关科研结果相互矛盾、证据不充分或仅能初步表明其可改善健康状况或效果甚微。

其它:对草药来说,仅有传统用法可支持其应用,但尚无或仅有少量科学证据可证明其疗效。对营养补充剂来说,无科学证据支持和/或效果甚微。

哪些人可能会缺乏甲硫氨酸?

大多数人通过正常饮食可以获得足够的甲硫氨酸。在怀孕期摄入过低会导致新生儿神经管缺陷,但其机理还不清楚。[14]

一般需要多少甲硫氨酸?

不同体重的人甲硫氨酸的需要量不同。可是,平均体重的成人每天大约需要800~1000毫克的甲硫氨酸,这在西方国家的日常饮食中很容易获得。

是否有副作用和药物相互作用?

动物试验证实在B族维生素缺乏的情况下,过多摄入甲硫氨酸会增加动脉粥样硬化的危险,因为它会增加血液中胆固醇和同型半胱氨酸的水平。[15]这一现象还未在人类试验中得到证实。在摄入叶酸、维生素B6和维生素B12不足的情况下,过多摄入甲硫氨酸会增加甲硫氨酸向同型半胱氨酸(一种与心脏疾病和中风有关的物质)转化。试验证实大剂量服用甲硫氨酸(每天7克)会增加血液中同型半胱氨酸的水平。[16]这一改变是否会引起明显的危害,目前在服用甲硫氨酸补充剂中还需进一步证实。每天服用2克甲硫氨酸补充剂维持较长时间还未见任何引起严重负反应的报道。[17]

到目前为止,还不知道甲硫氨酸与其他药物间的相互作用。

参考文献

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